Understanding Video Technology
PAL
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is the colour encoding conversion standard that is used in much of Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia and the Middle East for television, video and DVD playback. It was invented by Walter Bruch at Telefunken AG in Germany during the 1960's. PAL uses a screen resolution of 720 x 576 pixels and has a refresh rate of 25 frames per second.
NTSC
Short for National Television System Committee. The NTSC is responsible for setting television and video standards in the United States. The NTSC standard for television defines a composite video signal with a refresh rate of 30 fps. Each frame contains 525 lines and can contain 16 million different colours. Because this runs at 30 fps it provides a clearer, smoother image which is good for fast motion (driving, sports, action).
Secam
Work on SECAM began in 1956. The technology was ready by the end of the fifties, but this was too soon for a wide introduction. Initially, a version of SECAM for the French 819-line television standard was devised and tested, but not introduced. Following a pan-European agreement to introduce color TV only in 625 lines, France had to start the conversion by switching over to a 625-line television standard, which happened at the beginning of the 1960s with the introduction of a second network.
If I was to do it again then i would have changed the acting. You could tell that it was read from a script. Also the editing could have been improved because the transitions left black spots between the each clip were a transition was used.
Composite video (Analogue)
For example all dem n00bz who record their 1080 no sc0pez with the dazzle recorder.
S-Video (Analogue)
Analogue cable carrying standard definition (480i and 576i)Separates black and white colour signals, achieving a better image than composite, but lower resolution than component videoEach pin has its own ground pin (hence why there are four pins (fifth, bottom pin is for holding purposes)
RGB distributes the
colour signal three ways (red, green, blue)It allows for full HD
resolution, however due to the nature of digital TV’s, extra conversion must
take place therefore creating artifacts (edge clarity)Not all HD sources
support progressive output, so it may be limited to 1080i
DVI is a digital
cable, meaning no loss in quality
HDMI (Digital)
HDMI is used on many different devices ranging from computers, cameras, monitors, and blu-ray playersHDMI is a single cable that carries video and audio signals digitally, meaning no loss of signal
Version 1.0 allowed for 1920x1080pVersion 1.4 supports ethernet, 3D and 3840x2160p at 30fpsVersion 2.0 supports 3840x2160p at 60fps
3.5mm is found on
phones, DSLR’s (these cables are intended for short runs) 1/4 jack is used for
audio recording equipment, stereo equipment, guitar and bass leads
XLR connector (Digital)
Most common cable used for microphones
3 pins, similar to the balanced connection on a 3.5mm or 1/4mm jackFemale is usually source, male is the inputDue to the design, the microphone won’t disconnect on its own accord
Satellite
Satellite television is television programming delivered by the means of communications satellite and received by an outdoor antenna, usually a parabolic reflector generally referred to as a satellite dish, and as far as household usage is concerned, a satellite receiver either in the form of an external set-top box or a satellite tuner module built into a TV set. Satellite TV tuners are also available as a card or a USB peripheral to be attached to a personal computer. In many areas of the world satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services, often to areas that are not serviced by terrestrial or cable providers. Services such as Sky provide this service.One advantage to sky is the wide range of channels. However due to the method of transmission its very expensive.Freeview
Freeview is the only prevailing free-to-air UK digital terrestrial television service. It is delivered by the company DTV Services Ltd, a joint venture between the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, BSkyB and transmitter operator Arqiva. It was launched in 2002, when the company was known as DWSCO 2284 Ltd. The service provides consumer access via an aerial to the six DTT multiplexes covering the United Kingdom. In August 2013 it had some 60 DVB-T TV channels, 26 digital radio channels, 4 HD channels, 6 text services, 11 streamed channels, and 1 interactive channel. Some ten additional feeds, whereof five more HD feeds, are expected for the first half of 2014, and up to 10 new HD channels are planned to be launched later in 2014, from a new group of multiplexes awarded to Arqiva.Cable
Cable television is a system of distributing television programs to subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with traditional broadcast television (terrestrial television) in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone service, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables. Virgin is the main provider in the UK along with B.T.On Demand
Internet television (or online television) is the digital distribution of television content via the Internet.
Web television is a similar term often used to characterize short programs or videos created by a wide variety of companies and individuals, or Internet Protocol television (IPTV) - an emerging Internet technology standard for use by television broadcasters. Some Internet television is known as catch-up TV. Internet television is a general term that covers the delivery of television shows and other video content over the Internet by video streaming technology, typically by major traditional television broadcasters. It does not describe a technology used to deliver content. Internet television has become very popular through services such as RTÉ Player in Ireland; BBC iPlayer, 4oD, ITV Player (also STV Player and UTV Player) and Demand Five in the United Kingdom.
Production Equipment
The Camera - A motion picture camera takes a lot of pictures at once to create the illusion.
First patented film camera was made in 1888.
Early frame-rate was from 14 to 20 fps.
Kodak in 1923 launched 16mm film stock for cameras. This is a lower cost for the 35mm.
Color cameras were introduced in the 1950's and 1960's.
Early mini Dv's were a tape based format. followed by DVD, HDD and SD cards.
Mini Dv's allowed for 720x576 (standard recording) in PAL (0.4 megapixels).
HD cameras 2920 x 1080 (2 megapixels).
Current industry film standard 35mm (10-24 megapixels).
Some films are now recording at 6k (19 megapixels).
Film is inside the camera. The shutter lifts up and the light travels through it. This exposes the film or sensor. The shutter closes and the next bit of film moves into plane.
General rules of sensors:
Small - Higher frame rate - grainy at night
Big - Better quality images - good quality at night
3 main elements that effect exposure:
-Smaller speed (How quickly image is captured)
-Aperture (Controls the depth of field)
-ISO (Sensitivity)
Lighting
Back Light - Background lighting.
Key light - Main Light.
Fill Light - Eliminate shadows.
Sound
Shotgun Microphone - Point straight to the person. Eliminates background noise.
Dynamic Microphone - Presenters use it as well as singers.
Condenser Microphone - Podcasters and commentators use these microphones.
Our group video was pretty good. The script was pretty well written and also the mic sound was clear and no background noise was heard. Also the lighting was very good as there was minimal to no shadows.
Group Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wsm2q5vvmgOur group video was pretty good. The script was pretty well written and also the mic sound was clear and no background noise was heard. Also the lighting was very good as there was minimal to no shadows.
If I was to do it again then i would have changed the acting. You could tell that it was read from a script. Also the editing could have been improved because the transitions left black spots between the each clip were a transition was used.
How To Import footage using log and transfer
How To Import Files
How To Add A Crossfade, Crop And Cut Clips
How To Export
CABLES
Composite video (Analogue)
Analogue transmission
that carries standard definition (480i or 576i signal)
Used for standard
formats such as NTSC, PAL and SECAM
Only carries 1
signal, unlike S-Video or Component
For example all dem n00bz who record their 1080 no sc0pez with the dazzle recorder.
Analogue cable carrying standard definition (480i and 576i)Separates black and white colour signals, achieving a better image than composite, but lower resolution than component videoEach pin has its own ground pin (hence why there are four pins (fifth, bottom pin is for holding purposes)
Component Video (analogue)
VGA (Analogue)
VGA is typically used
for computer monitors and connects to video cards, HDTVs, laptops, netbooks and an
array of other equipmentUses the same RGB
method as a component cableAllows for higher
resolutions, ranging from 640x400 all the way up to 2048x1536The higher resolution
cables often require coaxial wiring and insulation for a higher qualityVGA does not carry
audio
DVI Cable
It is often found on
HDTVs and Video cards
There are three main
types of DVI cables;(DVI-D, DVI-A and DVI-I)
The cable comes in
single and dual link
Resolutions up to
3840x2400
No audio
HDMI is used on many different devices ranging from computers, cameras, monitors, and blu-ray playersHDMI is a single cable that carries video and audio signals digitally, meaning no loss of signal
Version 1.0 allowed for 1920x1080pVersion 1.4 supports ethernet, 3D and 3840x2160p at 30fpsVersion 2.0 supports 3840x2160p at 60fps
RCA Connector
RCA cables are used
to carry video and audio signalsPrimarily used for
stereo equipment, often consumer gradeStill used by many
devices before and after the digital switchover (VHS, DVD players, TVs)Loss of quality over
distanceSusceptible to hum
and noise
1/4 jack and 1/8 jack
(3.5mm) (Phone Conector - Analogue)
Most common cable used for microphones
3 pins, similar to the balanced connection on a 3.5mm or 1/4mm jackFemale is usually source, male is the inputDue to the design, the microphone won’t disconnect on its own accord
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